नारी र घर

      तम्घासबाट बुटवलतर्फ जाँदै थिए, कलेज खुल्ने भएछ। आखिर १६ दिने कलेजको साईनडाई सकिएको जो थियो। केही दिनमा बोर्ड एक्जामको रुटिन आउने होला। केही पढेको थिएन, कलेज जानै पर्ने थियो।
     बुटवलतर्फ लाग्दै थिए!
     अब पब्लिक गाडी, ड्राइभर सङ हुने मेमोरिकार्डमा भएका गीतहरु बज्ने नै भए। मैले भने गाडीमा हिड्दा अल्छी नलागोस् भनेर आफुलाई मनपर्ने गीतहरु संगालेर फोनमा राखेकी थिए। गाडीमा बज्ने सबै गीत मन नै पर्छ्न् भन्ने त थिएन!
    म सुन्दै थिए आफ्नै तालमा......
    गाडिमा टि.भी रहेछ, एकैछिन पछि टि.भी खोलिएको थियो! एयरफोन कानमा लगाएकाले के बजेको थियो, सुनिन तर हेर्दा तीज गीत जस्तो लाग्यो! हरेक वर्ष नयाँ नयाँ तीज गीत आइरहन्छन् हामीसामु, कुनै राम्रा हुन्छन्, कुनै मन नपर्ने खालका पनि! कस्तो रहेछ त भनेर एयरफोन निकालेर सुन्न थाले।
    गीतमा सासु बुहारीको गन्थन देखाइएको थियो। "गीतका रचयिताले कस्तो परिवेशलाई समावेश गरेछ्न्; बुहारी सासुमाथि कराएको," मैले मनमनै भने!
    यस्ता प्रकारका गीत सुनेको पहिलोपटक त पक्कै  थिएन। त्यो चित्रण देखेर म थाहै नपाई हास्न पुगेछु। साइडमा बसेको मान्छेले सोध्यो-"किन हासेको, गीत हेरेर हो?" मैले टाउको हल्लाएर "हो" भन्ने संकेत गरे। उसले फेरि अर्को प्रश्न गर्यो- "आईमाईहरुले नै हो है घर भाड्ने?" मलाई चित्त बुझेन, "हैन" मात्रै भने। मैले भनि नसक्दै उसले भन्यो-"आफू पनि त्यस्तै हुने होला, अहिले हैन रे" यसपटक म केही बोलिन! उसलाई जवाफ दिनु जरुरी लागेन। एयरफोन फेरि कानमै लगाएर आफ्नै तालमा व्यस्त भएजस्तो गरे। गीत सुन्न थाले। तर यसपटक  मलाई उसको वाक्य खट्कियो। म सोचमग्न भए। के नारीले नै हो त घर भाड्ने? के घरमा आमा, हजुरआमा,  ठुलीआमा, काकी, भाउजू आदिले नै घर भाडिरहेका छ्न् त? कसरी भन्यो उसले आईमाईले नै घर भाड्छन् भनेर? मैले देखेकी छु, एक नारी नभएको परिवार कस्तो लथालिङ्ग हुन्छ भनेर। के उसले देखेको थिएन? हुनसक्छ कोहि कोहि खराब निस्किएलान् तर के सबै त्यस्ता हुन्छ्न् त?
    के उसले घर भाड्ने नारी मात्रै देखेको छ? बिग्रेको घर सम्हाल्ने नारी देखेको छैन? कतिको जायज छ त उसको प्रश्न "आईमाईले नै हो है घर भाड्ने?" अह म कदापि सहमत हुन सकिन, म एकैछिन सोचिरहे। फोनमा मलाई मन पर्ने गीत बज्न थाल्यो अनि मेरो ध्यान मोडियो।

[खट्टा मीठा]

       बाटोमा हिड्दै गर्दा भाइले 'खट्टा मिठा' मिठाई किनेछ अनि मलाई पनि खान दियो।मिठाई खाएर कागज बाटोमा फाल्नै लागेकि थिए, अचानक पुनमलाई सम्झिए र मेरा औंला रोकिए।
       पुनम मेरो क्लासमेट र रुममेट पनि! वातावरण सफा राख्नुपर्छ भन्ने थाह सबैलाई हुन्छ, तर त्यो सबैमा एक फरक व्यक्तित्व थिइन् "पुनम" जसले यो कुरा व्यवहारमा पनि उतार्ने गर्थिन्। आफ्नो रुम जस्तो भए पनि बाहिर वातावरण प्रति गहिरो लागाभ थियो उनको। बाटोमा सङै हिड्दा  खाएको चकलेट होस् या चिप्स, कागज बाहिर फ्याँकेको कहिल्यै थाह छैन मलाई। बरु उल्टै मेरो चकलेटको कागज  पनि राखिदिएर रुम आएर डस्ट्बिनमा फाल्ने गर्थिन्।"हामीहरुले नै हो चेन्ज ल्याउने; हामी नै आफुलाई सुधार्न सक्दैनौं भने कोसङ बाट अपेक्षा राख्ने त?" भन्थिन्। त्यस्तो "साथी"को रुम पार्ट्नर "म", कसरी एक खट्टा मिठाको कागज बाटोमा  फाल्न सक्थे?
      स्कुल पर्दा प्रदुषण र सरसफाईका बारेमा कति "Essay" त लेखेकी थिए मैले पनि जसमा छुटाउदै नछुटाउने  एक वाक्य हुन्थ्यो "Public awareness is necessary to raise." What the hell, public awareness about which I used to write,  when I myself can't be aware enough? What's the point of education when the litter thrown by educated person is picked up by an uneducated one? सडकमा आफुले फोहोर गर्नुहुन्न भन्ने थाह भएपनि व्यवहारमा  लागू गर्न चाहि मैले पुनमबाट नै सिके।
      यी कुराहरूले त्यो खट्टा मीठाको कागज मेरो हातबाट खस्न रोकियो। भाइलाई हेरे। उसले त फाल्न भ्याईसकेछ।। उसलाई पनि अबदेखि बाटोमा नफाल्नु भनेर सम्झाए। बाटोभरी "फोहोर मलाई"को डस्टबिन नहेरेको पनि हैन, तर भेटिन। त्यसपछि त्यो कागज घरमै लगेर डस्टबिनमा फ्याँके।
        एकछिन गर्व लाग्यो पुनमको रुममेट हुनुमा।
सचेत नागरिक भएजस्तो  लाग्यो। अनि अब कहिल्यै कागज, प्लास्टिक जस्तै अन्य वस्तु जथाभावी नफाल्ने निर्णय गरे।

One world one health

All living beings, from smaller to bigger one, live in this world. So, it’s not a new thing to know that some relationship exists between different species. From the health point of view, there is a strong connection between humans and animals including bacterial, fungal, viral, or microbial pathogens that exist in our environment. This had emerged a new concept of one world one health in world; a thought of interdisciplinary collaboration; an idea of communicating in all aspects of health care, where it is believed that human health and animal health are not different, rather they are interdependent and bound to the health of ecosystem in which they exist.

Some research has showed that six out of every 10 known human infectious diseases (60%) are transferred from animals. Also, 70% of emerging human disease and 80% of pathogens could be latently used in bioterrorism. This, not only affects the animal and human but also the environment. When environment is favorable for pathogens, they are in virulent stage and the animals or humans are in susceptible stage which is the reason for disease. Also the transfer of zoonotic diseases is common. Due to this, when environment itself becomes affected with pathogens, it affects humans as well as animals.It has become like a cycle, where one is associated with another.

Going through, “one health” concept, it is a recent idea, introduced at the beginning of 2000s. Later, it was ideated and implemented by Office International des Epizooties(OIE) as a cooperative global approach for understanding animal and human health risks including ecosystem. It is well known that historically, war of microbial species against human species have killed far more people than war itself. Worldwide, naturally occurring infectious disease become major causes of death. Recently, the big problem of climate change has made the pathogens more adaptive and resistant to the environment where they used to get suppressed before. So, the only way to prevent this hazard is to adapt health governance system in a harmonized and coordinated manner globally.

One world one health concept aims to recognize the connecting link of threat between environment, humans, domestic and wild animals, surveillance of diseases, causes and modes of transmission to monitor properly for ensuring better health and promote it. Hence, this concept can be concluded as a worldwide strategy which chains up the all creatures in this world to make a ring of health.

Climate Change- Biggest problem of 21st century

Did you notice the days are being warmer and warmer than they used to be? Have you ever realized how come the spring so earlier and aren't the winters short enough? This is all due to the change in climate. Simply understanding, climate change is a change in statistical distribution of weather pattern not only regionally but also globally. It is one of the most serious issues of 21st century which has already started showing observable effects in surrounding. Many of the prediction that scientists made regarding climate change has not gone wrong. And if this issue is not fixed on time, then the future generation is likely to have hazardous effect.

          Climate change occurs due to different reasons. Volcanic eruptions, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, variation in reflectivity of atmosphere, oceans  etc are some of the causes. Apart from natural and biotic processes, artificial activities by man are another chief cause.  Human beings, being the supreme creature of this planet are primarily responsible for this rising problem.  The main culprit is human induced emission of greenhouse gases. These gases lead to global warming and global warming leads to rise in temperature of our planet that ultimately shows the effects of climate change. 

Increased greenhouse effect and global warming cause polar ice caps and glaciers to melt as well as stimulate the thermal expansion of ocean which results in rise of seal level. Hurricanes, heat waves, floods, drought and tornadoes everywhere are projected to become more intense. The length of frost free season and corresponding growing season are shifting. The number of freezing day is declining. These changes affect the timing and makeup of natural life cycle events.

The change in climate has badly affected forest areas drying out soil moisture which induces forest fire. Firstly, climate change forbids proper growth of trees; secondly, forest fire destroys the available trees. The two way destruction adds further negative impacts on surrounding. Agricultural practices are also not free of the hazards. The net yield of agricultural crops gets decreased and the quality of seeds too gets degraded. Hence, the global price goes down which turn out to be a great loss to farmers. These all signs show that there is going to be a massive challenge for us to maintain food security.

  Human activities such as use of improper drainage, disposal of carcasses, wastage from commercial, household and industrial activities into water bodies have already caused water pollution. In addition to these actions, when climate change combines makes the situation more worsen. Natural calamities such as floods and droughts in their extreme intensity will occur taking the lives of many living beings, polluting environment and causing destruction of infrastructures. Flood contaminates the fresh water resources and there turn out to be the risk of diarrheal diseases. It is expected that two hundred fifty thousand additional deaths occurs per year due to different diseases like malaria, malnutrition, cholera, diarrhea etc. Extremely high temperature produces heat wave of summer and has effect on heart and lungs. Cardiovascular diseases, asthma and respiratory diseases, especially among elderly people are recorded in Europe. Not only human beings but also animals and birds will be losing their habitat. Endangered, threatened, vulnerable and rare species are at risk.  Their existence might extinct for forever, if present situation continues.

 Politically and economically, many countries are trying to solve the problem worldwide through COP but there are still other measures, which we can apply in local level. Highly industrialized countries are more culprits of climate change but the impacts fall upon all the countries that are not developed industrially. That's why it has become a necessity of all people, across the world to search a solution with respect to climate change. We cannot undo the impacts that have been already caused but we definitely can reduce the approaching effects. Alternative sources of energy should be searched. Solar, wind, geothermal and bio energy  must be preferred to non- renewable ones. Consumption of fossil fuels must be reduced. New measures of low carbon and zero carbon technology should be developed.Since, plants absorb carbon dioxide and liberate oxygen for us, afforestation programs must be launched from community to national level. 1 plant (biogas) saves 5 tons fuel wood/year, 1000 installed plants saves 5000 tons of fuel wood per/year.

 Our homes also contribute in emission of gases. Let's try to reduce them. We must not forget to turn off the appliances when not in application, use energy efficient recommended models, insulate the home and try to make lifestyle greener to reduce greenhouse gases. One of the most important steps we can do is raising public awareness. We can teach others about the risks that are being observed globally. It is not sufficient that only few researchers, limited job holders dealing with the issues, intellectual persons and media persons know about climate change. Common people also know about this situation so that they also would join to reduce global warming. Who knows, our small step will inspire other to join with us. So, let's think globally and act locally to reduce severe climate change and save our Earth.